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	Chernogolovka Dzerzhinsky Dolgoprudniy Dubna Fryazino Klimovsk Korolev Lytkarino Mendeleevo Obolensk Protvino Pushchino Troitsk Zelenograd Zhukovsky

Science-based cities (SBC) of Russia accumulate great intellectual resources. About 20 cities (half of the total number) are located in Moscow region. The majority of them have a similar history being founded at the end of forties on the basis of small towns.
What all of the SBC have in common is that social and economic activity in this cities was aimed at maintaining high-level establishments of defense complex science, fundamental physics, biology etc. Despite many common problems of SBC, economic differences amongst them have apparently increased since 1991.
The impact of new science and technology policy upon the conditions of the research labor in SBC is of great interest. Since 1991 science experienced a sharp reduction in funding, greater than any other branch of the Russian economy. In spite of the crisis in Russian science not all the signs were pessimistic. For example Zhukovsky Central Aero- and Hydro-dynamics Institute along with several Moscow establishments was chosen to form the basis of federal science centers.
The transformation of the economic infrastructure is the most dynamic process specific to SBC which is going on these days. The ultimate aim is to turn budget-oriented establishments to complete-cycle market-oriented enterprises. It is assumed that the capacity to create leading-edge technologies accumulated in the SBC's centers is very helpful in effecting the transition to a market system. These processes show considerable variation from one SBC to another. Fine restructuring mechanisms for each SBC are discussed. One has to concentrate upon the problem of equipment replacement and modernization and the problem of communication network development as well. And, finally, the common feature of the SBC's discussed influencing their labor, social and economic conditions is their location in the vicinity of the giant city i.e. Moscow. Communications between Moscow and regional scientific elites are very important to revive research in the Moscow institutes. The current state and prospects of such collaboration are also discussed. What we can observe now is that each science-based city of similar Soviet era history is looking for its own way to market economy as well as to adequate position in the world science.